1. What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
a) Carotenoid
b) Xanthophyll
c) Chlorophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: c) Chlorophyll
2. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Chloroplast
Answer: d) Chloroplast
3. During photosynthesis, what is the source of oxygen released?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Water
c) Glucose
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b) Water
4. What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
a) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
b) Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle
c) Transcription and translation
d) DNA replication and cell division
Answer: b) Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle
5. Which of the following is a product of the Calvin cycle?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADPH
Answer: b) Glucose
6. What is the purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Produce glucose
b) Release oxygen
c) Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy
d) Fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules
Answer: c) Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy
7. In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Outer membrane
d) Inner membrane
Answer: b) Thylakoid membrane
8. What gas is taken in during photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
9. Which color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?
a) Red
b) Blue
c) Green
d) Yellow
Answer: c) Green
10. What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?
a) Absorb light energy
b) Release oxygen
c) Carry high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle
d) Convert carbon dioxide into glucose
Answer: c) Carry high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle
11. During which stage of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
a) Light-dependent reactions
b) Calvin cycle
c) Glycolysis
d) Krebs cycle
Answer: a) Light-dependent reactions
12. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
a) Absorb light energy
b) Produce oxygen
c) Convert carbon dioxide into glucose
d) Release energy stored in glucose
Answer: c) Convert carbon dioxide into glucose
13. In the process of photosynthesis, what is the source of carbon that is used to build glucose?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Methane
d) Carbonic acid
Answer: a) Carbon dioxide
14. Where do the electrons come from that replace those lost in photosystem II during the light-dependent reactions?
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Glucose
Answer: a) Water
15. What is the main function of the stomata in the leaves during photosynthesis?
a) Absorb sunlight
b) Release oxygen
c) Exchange gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen)
d) Produce glucose
Answer: c) Exchange gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen)
16. Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of photosynthesis?
a) Light intensity
b) Carbon dioxide concentration
c) Temperature
d) Nitrogen content in the soil
Answer: d) Nitrogen content in the soil
17. What is the ultimate source of energy that drives photosynthesis?
a) Heat
b) Sunlight
c) Electricity
d) Wind
Answer: b) Sunlight
18. During the light-dependent reactions, where is the energy from sunlight initially captured?
a) Thylakoid membrane
b) Stroma
c) Outer membrane
d) Inner membrane
Answer: a) Thylakoid membrane
19. Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions?
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) Carbon dioxide
d) NADPH
Answer: b) ATP
20. What role does ATP play in photosynthesis?
a) Absorb light energy
b) Release oxygen
c) Transfer energy within the cell
d) Convert carbon dioxide into glucose
Answer: c) Transfer energy within the cell
21. In the Calvin cycle, what molecule is used as a carbon source to build glucose?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Water
d) Glucose
Answer: a) Carbon dioxide
22. What is the primary function of the pigments in chlorophyll during photosynthesis?
a) Absorb carbon dioxide
b) Release oxygen
c) Absorb and capture light energy
d) Convert glucose into energy
Answer: c) Absorb and capture light energy
23. Which environmental factor can limit the rate of photosynthesis in plants?
a) High humidity
b) Low temperature
c) Increased carbon dioxide levels
d) Intense light
Answer: b) Low temperature
24. During the Calvin cycle, what is the first stable product formed after carbon fixation?
a) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
b) Glucose
c) RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)
d) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Answer: a) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)