1. What is the primary criteria used for classifying plants into different divisions?
a) Flowering pattern
b) Seed structure
c) Vascular tissue presence
d) Leaf arrangement
Answer: c) Vascular tissue presence
2. In the Linnaean system, what is the highest taxonomic rank for plants?
a) Family
b) Order
c) Genus
d) Kingdom
Answer: d) Kingdom
3. Which of the following plant groups lacks vascular tissue?
a) Mosses
b) Ferns
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
Answer: a) Mosses
4. The scientific name of a plant is composed of:
a) Genus only
b) Species only
c) Genus and species
d) Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Answer: c) Genus and species
5. The term “Angiosperm” refers to plants that:
a) Reproduce through spores
b) Produce seeds but not flowers
c) Produce flowers and enclosed seeds
d) Lack vascular tissue
Answer: c) Produce flowers and enclosed seeds
6. Which plant division includes cone-bearing plants like pines and spruces?
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
Answer: c) Gymnosperms
7. What is the distinguishing feature of monocotyledonous plants?
a) Presence of taproot
b) Parallel venation in leaves
c) Net venation in leaves
d) Presence of woody stem
Answer: b) Parallel venation in leaves
8. The “International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants” is commonly known as:
a) Linnaean Code
b) Darwinian Code
c) Mendelian Code
d) Botanical Code
Answer: d) Botanical Code
9. Which of the following is not a type of fruit?
a) Berry
b) Cone
c) Nut
d) Rhizome
Answer: d) Rhizome
10. The term “Dicotyledon” refers to plants with:
a) Two cotyledons in their seeds
b) One cotyledon in their seeds
c) No cotyledons in their seeds
d) Three cotyledons in their seeds
Answer: a) Two cotyledons in their seeds
11. The process of arranging organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics is known as:
a) Taxonomy
b) Evolution
c) Photosynthesis
d) Morphology
Answer: a) Taxonomy
12. What is the primary function of roots in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Absorption of water and minerals
c) Transpiration
d) Support and transport
Answer: b) Absorption of water and minerals
13. Which of the following plant divisions includes the largest and most diverse group of plants?
a) Coniferophyta
b) Bryophyta
c) Angiosperms
d) Pteridophyta
Answer: c) Angiosperms
14. The presence of parallel venation in leaves is characteristic of:
a) Monocots
b) Dicots
c) Gymnosperms
d) Ferns
Answer: a) Monocots
15. In botanical nomenclature, what is the correct format for writing a species name?
a) Genus, species
b) Species, genus
c) Genus (species)
d) Species – Genus
Answer: a) Genus, species
16. The study of fossils of plants falls under which branch of Botany?
a) Ethnobotany
b) Paleobotany
c) Bryology
d) Mycology
Answer: b) Paleobotany
17. Which plant division includes non-vascular, small, and simple plants commonly found in moist environments?
a) Angiosperms
b) Bryophyta
c) Pteridophyta
d) Coniferophyta
Answer: b) Bryophyta
18. What is the primary characteristic used to distinguish between monocots and dicots?
a) Number of cotyledons
b) Leaf venation
c) Presence of flowers
d) Vascular bundle arrangement
Answer: a) Number of cotyledons
19. Which plant division includes ferns and fern allies?
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Coniferophyta
d) Angiosperms
Answer: b) Pteridophyta
20. What is the role of pollen in plant reproduction?
a) Absorb nutrients
b) Attract pollinators
c) Produce seeds
d) Facilitate fertilization
Answer: d) Facilitate fertilization
21. Which part of the flower develops into the fruit after fertilization?
a) Ovary
b) Stamen
c) Petal
d) Sepal
Answer: a) Ovary
22. The phylum Magnoliophyta is synonymous with which plant division?
a) Coniferophyta
b) Bryophyta
c) Angiosperms
d) Pteridophyta
Answer: c) Angiosperms
23. What is the purpose of plant taxonomy?
a) Studying plant diseases
b) Identifying and classifying plants
c) Investigating plant physiology
d) Analyzing plant genetics
Answer: b) Identifying and classifying plants
24. Which of the following is not a type of plant tissue?
a) Epidermal tissue
b) Vascular tissue
c) Connective tissue
d) Ground tissue
Answer: c) Connective tissue
25. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms?
a) Flowers
b) Seeds enclosed in fruits
c) Naked seeds on cones
d) Vascular tissue absent
Answer: c) Naked seeds on cones
26. The term “Dicotyledon” refers to plants that have:
a) Two leaves in their seedlings
b) Two cotyledons in their seeds
c) Two branches in their stems
d) Two sets of flowers
Answer: b) Two cotyledons in their seeds
27. Which taxonomic rank is below the family but above the species level?
a) Order
b) Genus
c) Class
d) Division
Answer: a) Order
28. The term “Rhizome” is associated with the underground stem of:
a) Grasses
b) Ferns
c) Mosses
d) Conifers
Answer: b) Ferns
29. What is the primary function of stomata in plant leaves?
a) Absorption of water
b) Gas exchange (transpiration and photosynthesis)
c) Mechanical support
d) Seed production
Answer: b) Gas exchange (transpiration and photosynthesis)
30. The taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific is:
a) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
b) Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
c) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
d) Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Answer: c) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
31. Which of the following is a feature of monocot plants?
a) Net venation in leaves
b) Taproot system
c) Parallel venation in leaves
d) Vascular bundles scattered in the stem
Answer: c) Parallel venation in leaves
32. The male reproductive organ in a flower is called:
a) Stigma
b) Style
c) Anther
d) Ovary
Answer: c) Anther
33. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Angiosperms?
a) Enclosed seeds
b) Presence of flowers
c) Naked seeds on cones
d) Vascular tissue present
Answer: c) Naked seeds on cones
34. What is the primary function of the phloem in plants?
a) Water absorption
b) Food conduction (translocation)
c) Mechanical support
d) Mineral absorption
Answer: b) Food conduction (translocation)
35. The process of grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is known as:
a) Taxonomy
b) Phylogeny
c) Morphology
d) Classification
Answer: b) Phylogeny
36. Which plant division includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Coniferophyta
d) Anthophyta
Answer: d) Anthophyta
37. The term “perennial” refers to plants that:
a) Complete their life cycle in one year
b) Live for more than two years
c) Produce seeds only
d) Lack flowers
Answer: b) Live for more than two years
38. What is the purpose of the plant cuticle?
a) Gas exchange
b) Protection against herbivores
c) Water retention and reduced evaporation
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c) Water retention and reduced evaporation
39. Which of the following is a non-vascular plant?
a) Fern
b) Moss
c) Pine
d) Sunflower
Answer: b) Moss